Forces and energy: Quantum energy

Checking out Einstein and going quantum Quantum and classical physics both have the concept of energy in common. The conservation of energy still applies in quantum physics the same way it does in classical physics. The difference is in the math used to calculate energy and work. In quantum physics it is all about probability – the energy something has ...

Forces and energy: Electricity and sustainable energy

Electrical energy Electrical energy also has many forms. For example, lightning, is a form of static electricity. You witness static electricity also when you rub a balloon against your hair. One of the most useful forms of electrical energy for humans is when it is generated from a current, which occurs when electrons flow through a circuit. It is the ...

Forces and energy: Kinetic, potential, conservation and transformation

Forms of energy The two broad forms of energy are potential and kinetic and each have different types, which we outline in more detail below. Others energy forms include sound and thermal energy. We will focus on potential and kinetic here. Light could also be considered a form of energy, but it gets interesting because is has both particle and ...

Forces and Energy: Energy and Work

What do we mean by energy? Energy is the capacity of a physical system to do work or cause a change. We will examine what this means in detail below, but to help establish students’ baseline understanding of energy get students to do Activity 1. What is energy? Why is understanding energy important? When we design and build stuff important ...

Why were flights cancelled in Phoenix Arizona?

Answer: Remember that warmer air has a lower density and therefore lower pressure than cooler air. Remember also what happened to the ball above the hair dryer when you turned the heat on. If the ball was a plane, it would not end well for the plane. When the air is hot as it was in Phoenix, Arizona the air ...

FLEET Schools

FLEET Schools is a resource for primary and secondary teachers, and students to engage with physics and chemistry, and to learn and think about the research problems FLEET is working on. That problem is our ever increasing energy requirements coming from our rapidly increasing demand for computation. Think Internet of Things, AI, driverless cars, smart phones and gaming. To solve ...

Two balloons

A sometimes-counterintuitive experiment, demonstrating the equalising of air pressure in two connected balloons What you need: balloons, straw, sticky tape, peg or something to block off the straw What you do: Blow up one balloon so it is quite large Place the straw in the end of the balloon and secure it with tape. Block off the end of the …

Egg in a Jar

‘Suck’ an egg inside a narrow-necked bottle or jar: a seemingly ‘magic’ trick, accomplished via changing the air pressure inside the bottle. What you need: Egg, bottle with opening slightly smaller than an egg, small piece of paper, matches or lighter What to do: 1. Boil the egg for 8-10 minutes so that it is hard boiled.2. Peel the egg (let it cool first!).3. (Optional) …

Teabag rocket

Ignite a paper teabag to launch a rocket upwards (adult supervision).  What you need: Tea bag, scissors, matches What to do: 1. Remove the staple from the tea bag and pour out the tea. 2. Straighten out the bag and smooth it out so it forms a cylinder that can stand up on its end. 3. Stand the tea bag …

Matchhead rocket

Create a simple but powerful match-head rocket, demonstrating Newton’s third law of motion. Caution: matches! Fire! Eyes! Adult supervision definitely needed for this one. What you need: Wooden matches, aluminium foil, paper towel, wooden skewers, needle-nose pliers and wire cutters, tape (duct tape or electrical tape) What to do: To cut out the shape from the aluminium foil: Place a …

Crushing Can

What you need: A metal can which can be sealed, Water, tongs or oven mitts What to do: Place a little water in the can (around 50 ml). Put the can on the stove until the water boils vigorously. Turn off the stove, and put the lid on the can. You might need to remove the can from the stove, ...

Egg Shell Strength

Egg shells are fairly weak, right? They crack very easily. So how much weight do you think they could actually hold? What you’ll need: at least two eggs masking tape scissors large hard cover book or piece of cardboard some heavy objects, eg. cans What to do: Wrap masking tape around the middle of the egg. Use the scissors to …

Falling Objects

If you drop objects that weigh different amounts, which will hit the ground first? What you need: balls that weigh different amounts, eg. basketball, tennis ball paper What to do: If you have two balls that are the same, drop them from the same height at the same time. They should hit the ground together (or at slightly different times …

Cup Bridge

Challenge someone: you have four cups and three knives. Three of the cups are in a triangle, too far apart for the knives to reach. You need to build a bridge to support the weight of the fourth cup. What you need: 4x cups 3x knives What to do: Place a knife from one cup pointing to the centre of …

Siphoning Water

What you need: tube or hose 2x glasses What to do: Fill one of the glasses with water. You can add some food colouring to make the water easier to see if you like. Use the tube or hose like a straw and suck up some water from the full glass (but don’t think it). When the water gets to …

Double Bounce

Use a basketball and a tennis ball to examine transfer of energy What you need basketball tennis ball golf or squash ball (optional and tricky to get three balls balance on top of each other) What to do 1. Drop the basketball from as high as you can reach. Notice how high it bounces. 2. Drop the tennis ball from ...

Balancing See-Saw

Use household items to demonstrate the science behind see-saws What you need: teaspoon tape small ruler coins What to do: Balance the ruler on the spoon by placing it in the centre. Add a piece of tape to keep it in the right place. Add a stack of coins (the same number of coins) to each end of the ruler. …

Rubberband car

Use household materials to create a car that can actually go. What you need: paper towel tube metal skewer 2x wooden skewers scissors 4x old CDs glue 4x wooden spools 4x buttons or small pieces of card/paper ~15x rubberbands 2x straws paperclip What to do: Use the metal skewer to put a hole through the paper towel tube close to …

Strength Challenge

How strong do you think you are? Are you stronger than two people? Three? Four? Here is a trick you can do to show people how “strong”  you are. What you need: a wall several people (one at least needs to have weaker arms than you) What to do: Tell everyone how strong you are. Say that you are stronger …

Rope Climber

Use craft and a bit of science to create a puppet that can climb a rope What you need: string scissors cardboard sticky tape coloured paper or markers (optional) split pin (optional) What to do: Cut out legs and torso + head shape from the cardboard. Decorate these using the coloured paper or markers (optional). Put a hole in the …

Under pressure: Heat, airplanes and Bernouli

What does heat and a dude called Bernouli have to do with deciding when it is too dangerous to fly a plane? Be prepared to do some quiz questions. The experiments in this activity relate to what enables a plane to get off the ground and what can make it come crashing down again. And about 150 years before the …

Coin Shooter

Create a tower using coins, and then bring your tower down by shooting out one layer at a time. What you need: as many 10 cent coins as possible patience! What to do: Put all the coins except one into a tower. Use the remaining coin, the shooter, by flicking or throwing it as fast as possible towards the tower. …

Catapult

Make a simple catapult that can fire small items across rooms. Students can invent games to play and experiment with their catapults and test their understanding of potential and kinetic energy. Learning Intentions Students will use the scientific process identify and understand potential and kinetic energy, their use to do work and how energy can be transferred from one form …

Balloon Rocket

Make a rocket with just a balloon, string, straws and sticky tape. See how far and how high you can go. Learning intentions Students examine and apply Newton’s law of motion (action and reaction). For older and more advanced students they will learn about Newton’s 2nd law and the relationship between force, mass and acceleration: F=m/a. See experiment 2. Download ...